Hurricane season along the Atlantic Seaboard officially starts June 1.
The six-month period that runs through the end of November is when major storms are most likely to form in the ocean, threatening communities when they approach the coast.
This year, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration predicts an “above average” hurricane season with up to 19 named tropical storms and up to five becoming major hurricanes. (Last year’s season saw 18 named storms and five that made landfall in the U.S. as hurricanes.)
Warmer seawater tied to climate change helps fuel an active season because hurricanes form when warm ocean water evaporates into moist air. More air rushes in and rises, forming clouds and thunderstorms that release even more heat to power the storm.
Only a few hurricanes in modern history have directly passed through Hampton Roads. That includes Irene in 2011 as a Category 1, and an unnamed hurricane that hit the region in August 1933, which officials still consider the “flood of record” for southeastern Virginia.
Several other storms devastated the region despite not reaching Virginia as a hurricane.
Isabel, for example, made landfall on the Outer Banks in 2003 and moved through Hampton Roads as a major tropical storm. It became Virginia’s costliest natural disaster with more than $1 billion in damages.
Here’s what to know as the 2025 season begins.
How to prepare your home and evacuate if necessary
The Virginia Department of Emergency Management urges people to look up their hurricane evacuation zone in advance. You can type in your address on the agency’s website to find out.
The zones are categorized from A to D, with A considered the most vulnerable to surging waters. You only need to evacuate to a higher non-evacuated zone. (If Zone A is the only one evacuated, for example, you can simply move to an area within Zone B and so on.)
Watch for local officials’ instructions through local media outlets and social media.
“Depending on the emergency, being safe might mean staying at home, a short trip to higher ground, or traveling to a different region of the state,” VDEM says.
Officials also recommend considering your evacuation route in case the time comes. Those include the Hampton Roads and Monitor Merrimac Memorial bridge-tunnels, U.S. Routes 58 West, 17 North, 60 West, 460 West and 10 West.
On the Eastern Shore, residents should use Route 13 North. The Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel is not an evacuation route.
You can find a detailed hurricane evacuation guide on VDEM’s website.
Officials recommend building an emergency kit over time as you can. That could include infant supplies, pet food, non-perishable food and water, cash reserves for at least a few days, warm clothing, blankets, battery-powered radio, backup cell phone chargers, local maps, toilet paper, hand sanitizer and irreplaceable sentimental items.
Many emergency preparedness products are eligible for Virginia’s tax-free weekend each August, which starts Aug. 1 this year.
Actions to secure your home ahead of extreme weather include: boarding up windows and storm shutters; securing doors; bringing inside lightweight items such as patio furniture and garbage cans; anchoring objects unsafe to bring inside, such as gas grills; trimming or removing damaged tree limbs close to structures; buying a portable generator to use during outages; clearing debris from rain gutters to prevent water damage; and taking photos and video of your home’s condition before a storm for insurance purposes.
You can’t buy flood insurance right before a hurricane, so now’s the time.
Flooding is often the deadliest aspect of a hurricane, with powerful storm surge quickly pushing large amounts of water onto land.
All that water also damages homes and businesses. A single inch of water in a home can cause more than $25,000 in damage, experts say.
The best financial protection is flood insurance. Traditional homeowner’s insurance policies do not cover flooding.
The National Flood Insurance Program offers policies to homeowners, but typically has a 30-day waiting period before coverage begins. That means if a hurricane is on the horizon, it’s already too late to gain flood coverage for that particular storm.
The NFIP tends to see an uptick in people buying insurance after storms, then a decrease over time as memories of the storm fade.
Inland communities are increasingly at risk.
Changing climate conditions are helping fuel more intense rainfall within storms, and this can happen anywhere, not just the coast.
Helene, for example, dumped record amounts of rainfall in the mountains of North Carolina and western Virginia.
NOAA officials are working to enhance forecasting and preparedness efforts in inland communities.
“I've seen so many cases where the inland flooding causes more fatalities than on the coast, because we're evacuating for (storm) surge,” National Weather Service Director Ken Graham said at a recent press conference.
The agency is experimenting with a new aspect of its famous “cone of uncertainty” forecast graphic that will include inland watches and warnings.
Officials worry federal cuts could impact forecasts and recovery.
President Donald Trump's administration has been rolling back staff at weather, climate and emergency management offices as part of its effort to shrink the size and responsibilities of the federal government.
According to the Miami Herald, hurricane and climate researchers were among NOAA’s mass layoffs in recent months.
“The quality of the forecast is likely to go down to some degree,” Rick Spinrad, NOAA’s former administrator under President Joe Biden, said at a press conference in March. “It’s not clear the planes will be able to fly and the ships will be able to go to sea, certainly not at the tempo we saw before.”
But Laura Grimm, acting NOAA chief, recently told reporters the National Hurricane Center “is fully staffed up and we're ready to go.”
She said the agency is upgrading its network of ocean buoys and modeling to improve forecasts of rapidly intensifying storms.
You can track forecasted hurricane activity on the National Hurricane Center website and more local weather information from the NWS’ Wakefield office.
Recovering after a storm
After a storm passes through Hampton Roads, remember to take extra precautions when navigating roads that may be damaged and have downed electrical wires. Report downed lines and other safety hazards to Dominion Energy at 866-366-4357.
Avoid walking through floodwater or swimming in water bodies for at least a few days, because heavy rains push pollutants into waterways and contain bacteria that can make humans ill.
If you experienced damage to your home or business, take photos and report it to your locality’s emergency management office so that officials can include it in their damage assessment.
Try to clean and disinfect anything that got wet to avoid the spread of bacteria from floodwater and the formation of mold. Air out enclosed spaces.
VDEM also recommends contacting local departments, such as social and human services, housing, public health and community services boards to access additional resources and information.
You can call 311 as a central clearinghouse for information and services, and 511 to learn about the latest road and traffic conditions.
For more information, visit VDEM’s disaster recovery guide.
